Advanced integrated circuits are the core of microprocessors or multi-core processors, which can control everything from computers to mobile phones to digital microwave ovens.Although the cost of designing and developing a complex integrated circuit is very high, when dispersed into products that are usually millions, the cost of each integrated circuit is reduced.The performance of integrated circuits is very high, because the small size brings short paths, so that low-power logic circuits can be applied at fast switching speeds.

Over the years, integrated circuits have continued to develop to smaller dimensions, so that each chip can package more circuits.This increases the capacity per unit area, which can reduce costs and increase functions. See Moore's Law. The number of transistor in an integrated circuit doubles every 1.5 years.In short, as the dimensions have been reduced, almost all indicators have improved, unit costs and switching power consumption have decreased, and the speed has increased.However, there are also problems with ICS that integrate nano-level equipment, mainly leakage current.Therefore, the increase in speed and power consumption for end users is very obvious, and manufacturers face the sharp challenge of using more learning.This process and the expected progress in the coming years are well described in the Semiconductor International Technology Roadmap.

Only in the second half of its development, integrated circuits have become ubiquitous, and computers, mobile phones, and other digital appliances have become an indispensable part of the social structure.This is because modern computing, communication, manufacturing, and transportation systems, including the Internet, all depend on the existence of integrated circuits.Even many scholars believe that the digital revolution brought about by integrated circuits is an important event in human history.The maturity of IC will bring about a great leap forward in science and technology. Whether it is in design technology or semiconductor technology breakthroughs, the two are closely related.